Define Atomic structure, atomic number, atomic mass number

Atomic structure:

• Atoms are made up of three types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
• The nucleus, located at the center of the atom, contains protons and neutrons, while electrons orbit the nucleus in shells or energy levels.
• The arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels determines its chemical properties and behavior.

Atomic number:

• Atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
• The atomic number determines the element to which an atom belongs.
• Elements with the same atomic number have similar chemical properties.

Atomic mass number:

• Atomic mass number is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom.
• Isotopes of the same element have the same atomic number but different atomic mass numbers.
• The atomic mass of an element listed on the periodic table is an average of the atomic masses of all its isotopes, weighted by their relative abundances.

 

ECET Chemistry: Water Technology

1. Define soft water and hard water
2. Define hardness and causes of hardness
3. Describe different types of hardness
4. What are the disadvantages of hard water in industries
5. Describe the characteristics of drinking water
6. Define the degree of hardness, and its use and units
7. Describe the municipal treatment of water for drinking purpose
8. Describe the processes of osmosis and reverse osmosis
9. What are the advantages and disadvantages of osmosis and reverse osmosis

ECET Chemistry: Corrosion

1. Define Corrosion
2. Factors influencing the rate of corrosion
3. Electrochemical theory of corrosion
4. Define composition, stress, and concentration cells
5. Define rusting of iron and its mechanism
6. Methods of preventing corrosion- a.protective coating, cathodic protection

ECET Chemistry: Electrochemistry

1. Define conductors, insulators, and electrolyte
2. What are the types of conductors
3. Describe electrolysis of fused NACL and aqueous NACL
4. Describe the Arrhenius theory of electrolytic dissociation
5. Define faradays laws of electrolysis
6. Define galvanic cell and its uses
7. Define electrode potential and standard electrode potential
8. Describe the electro-chemical series and its significance
9. Define the concept of emf
10. Working principle and applications of batteries and fuel cell

ECET Chemistry: Principles of Metallurgy

1. Define metal and non-metal, characteristics of metal
2. Define the concept of metallurgy
3. Define the terms- ore, flux, gangue, and slag
4. Describe the principle of concentration of ore by the froth flotation
5. Steps involved in the concentration of ore- roasting, calcination, and smelting
6. Composition and applications of alloys
7. Define alloy and properties of alloy

ECET Chemistry: Acids and Bases

1. Define acid and base
2. Describe Arrhenius's theory of acids and bases
3. Describe Bronsted Lowry's theory of acids and bases
4. Define the ionic product of water and the concept of ph
5. describe the lewis theory
6. Describes strong and weak acid bases
7. Define buffer and types of buffer, a.acid buffer, b.basic buffer
8. Application of Buffer Solution

ECET Chemistry: Solutions and Colloids

1. Define solution, solute, and solvent
2. Classification of solutions based on the physical state
3. Define the mole concept
4. Define molecular weight and equivalent weight
5. MW & EW of acid, base, and salt
6. Define mole and the concept of molarity and normality
7. Applications of colloids
8. Define colloids and their types- a.iyophillic, b.iyophobic

ECET: Fundamentals of Chemistry

1. Define Atomic structure, atomic number, atomic mass number
2. Explain the Aufbau principle with suitable electronic configuration examples
3. Define the concept of the Bohrs Atomic model
4. Describe the concept of Hund's rule
5. Explain pauls exclusion principle
6. Describe the electronic configuration elements upto atomic number 30
7. Define orbit & orbital, shapes of orbitals s,p,d,f
8. Define chemical bonding and electro theory of valency
9. Types of chemical bonds with characteristics, a.ionic bond, b.covalent bond, c.coordinate covalent bond
10. Explaint the concept of oxidation and reduction

ECET: Modern Physics

1. Define photo electric effect
2. Define Threshold frequency,Threshold wavelength,Work function, Stopping potential
3. Laws of photo electric effect & applications of photo electric effect
4. Einstein photo electric equation & Critical angle
5. Concept of total internal reflection
6. Super conductors and conductivity & Application and properties of super conductors
7. Optical fibre its principal, and its applications

ECET Physics: Elements of Vectors

S.No.	Topic
1	Define Scalar, Vector, Tensor with examples
2	Representation of Scalar and Vector
3	Types of vectors
4	Vector Additional Rules
5	Resolution of vectors
6	Laws used for determining resultant of vector
7	Pseudo vectors and equal vectors
8	Scalar product or dot product
9	Vector Product or cross product

ECET Physics: Heat and Thermodynamics

1. Define - Heat, temperature, critical temperature, scales of temperature, celsius, fahrenheit, kelvin scale or absolute scale
2. Relation between different scales
3. Boyles law and Charles law | its validity
4. Ideal gas and ideal gas equation
5. Gas constant, universal gas constant, SI units of UGS, value of UGS
6. Charles law in terms of absolute temperature, gas equation in terms of density
7. Daltons law of partial pressure
8. Define thermodynamics & laws of thermodynamics
9. Isothermal and adiabatic process
10. specific heat of substance, SH of gas at cp & cv
11. Molar specific heat of gas, MSH of gas at cp & cv
12. Ratio of cp&cv, derivation of relation | cp-cv=R
13. Define manometric and diatomic gas and its cp cv r(gama=cp/cv) values relations

ECET Physics: Units and Dimensions

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1 Define physical quantity

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2 Fundamental and derived physical quantity with examples

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3 Define the Unit & characteristics of the unit

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4 Base, Supplementary & special units

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5 Define Multiples and sub-multiples of units

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6 Define SI units, their advantages & disadvantages

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7 Define dimension, dimensional formulas, and their uses

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8 Dimensional constants & dimensionless quantities

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9 Principal of homogeneity of dimensions

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10 Limitations of dimensional analysis

ECET Physics: Kinematics

1. Define rest & motion, speed & velocity, displacement & distance, uniform & non-uniform speed & velocity, instantaneous velocity, acceleration
2. Equation of motion of a body moving with constant acceleration along straight line
3. Motion under gravity and equations of motion under gravity
4. Equations of vertical, horizontal and oblique projection
5. Average velocities with variation in S,V
6. Equations of motion in special case
7. Equations of projectile,trajectory Position after time t, velocity after time t

ECET Physics: Friction

1. Define friction advantages and its disadvantages
2. Types of friction with examples
3. Coefficient of friction and normal Force
4. Angle of friction and angle of repose
5. Motion of body on horizontal surface
6. Motion of body on inclined surface
7. Displacement of body before coming to rest
8. Methods of reducing friction
9. Laws of friction

ECET Physics: Work and Energy

1. Work and Energy - Definition of Work Definition of Energy
2. Types of Energy: Potential and Kinetic
3. Examples of Work and Energy
4. Explanation of Work-Energy Theorem
5. Law of Conservation of Energy
6. Example of Conservation of Energy in the case of a Freely Falling Body
7. Applications - Conservation of Energy

ECET Physics: Simple Harmonic Motion

1. Define periodic & harmonic motion
2. Types - linear and angular SHM and Conditions of SHM
3. Characteristics of shm
4. Time period general formula
5. Laws of pendulum
6. simple pendulum & second pendulum
7. Displacement equation for SHM
8. Velocity &acceleration of SHM oscillator
9. KE PE & Total Energy of oscillator
10. Simple Pendulum in electric field
11. Expression for a.Displacement b.Velocity c.Acceleration d.Time period e.Frequency
12. Phase of SHM

ECET Physics: Sound

1. Definition of sound, Measurement of sound
2. Qualities of sound
3. Define wave & Types of waves:
4. Properties of Sound
5. Define Noise & Types of noise
6. Define doppler effect and its application
7. Define echo and its applications
8. Define reverberation and reverberation time
9. Define Sabines formula

ECET Physics: Properties of Matter

1. Define matter and states of matter
2. Physical properties of matter, intensive and extensive properties of matter
3. Define terms elasticity, plasticity, modulus of elasticity, youngs modulus
4. Define stress, strain, and its formulas
5. Hooks law
6. Define capilirity, viscosity, coefficient of viscosity and surface tension with examples
7. Define newtons formula for viscosity
8. Define poiseuilles equation for coefficient of viscosity
9. Effects of temperature on viscosity of liquid and gases

ECET Physics: Electricity and Magnetism

1. Define conductor, insulator, semiconductors
2. Define magnetism and its law, magnetic field
3. Define ohms law
4. Define resistance, specific resistance Conductance and its units
5. Define kirchoffs law, KCL and KVL
6. Expression for balancing condition of wheatstone bridge
7. Define Magnetic lines of forces,magnetic induction field strength and its units
8. Define moment of couple acting on bar magnet placed in uniform magnetic field
9. Define faradays law of electromagnetism

Define faradays law of electromagnetism

What is faradays law 

• Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction is a fundamental principle of physics that states that a changing magnetic field generates an electromotive force (EMF), which is a measure of the electrical potential difference between two points in a circuit. 
• It describes the relationship between the magnetic field and the electric field and is an important concept in electrical engineering and physics. 
• The law is named after the British scientist Michael Faraday, who first discovered it in the early 19th century.
  

 Important Points to remember

• Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction says a change in magnetic field creates electrical force.
• This is how electricity is generated in dynamos and transformers.
  Mathematically, it's expressed as EMF = -dΦ/dt.
  EMF stands for electromotive force.
  Φ is magnetic flux.
  t is time.
• The negative sign means the electrical force opposes the change in magnetic field.
• This is called Lenz's law.
• Lenz's law states the electrical force generated in a circuit always opposes the change in magnetic field.
• Faraday's law and Lenz's law are important for understanding electricity generation.